This conclusion is further supported by a comparison of the Oronteus Fineaus [sic] Map with the results obtained by International Geophysical Year teams in their measurements of the subglacial topography. I am sure you will be pleased to know we have concluded that both of these maps were compiled from accurate original source maps, irrespective of dates. This means that it was 35 million years ago when the continent was last ice-free. What is even more incredible is the fact that this ancient map shows a land bridge connection Siberia and Alaska, indicating … The ancient map shows the western coasts of Europe and North Africa and the coast of Brazil with reasonable accuracy. Please consider turning off Ad-Block. Wikimedia Commons The section of the Piri Reis map that shows Antarctica. Colonel, USAF Commander. We thank you for extending us the opportunity to have participated in the study of these maps. This ancient chart was created in 1559, shows incredibly accurate delineations of the western coast of Northern America and Antarctica. While cataloging antique items he found a gazelle-skin parchment in a stack of discarded items. The evidence of an earlier discovery of Antarctica might be found in the Ottoman Piri Reis Map dated 1513 — shortly after Columbus’ discovery of the Americas. The map he studied had been drawn and signed in 1513 by Turkish cartographer Hagii Ahmed Muhiddin Piri, also known as Piri Reis. Artist: Piri Reis (1470-1553) (Photo by Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images) A medieval-era map, discovered in a Turkish palace in 1929, is dated 1513, yet it shows a knowledge of faraway lands well beyond the areas European explorers had traveled and even shows land features Europeans couldn’t possibly of … Your request for evaluation of certain unusual features of the Piri Reis World Map of 1513 by this organization has been reviewed. We have no idea how the data on this map can be reconciled with the supposed state of geographical knowledge in 1513. Ancient Babylonian Conservative Map. The following is a brief summary of our findings: The solution of the portolano projection used by Admiral Piri Reis, developed by your class in Anthropology, must be very nearly correct, for when known geographical locations are checked in relation to the grid computed by Mr. Richard W. Strachan (MIT), there is remarkably close agreement. According to Piri, these maps included eight Ptolemaic maps, an Arabic map of India, four newly drawn Portuguese maps from Sindh, and a map by Christopher Columbus of the western lands. With the dawn of the age of exploration in the 15th century, though, our concept of the world started to open up once more. The Piri Reis world map, 1513. We’d concluded that Hapgood’s theory of earth crust displacement was the missing link that could unravel the mystery of the lost island continent. Hi, we understand that enjoy and Ad-free experience while surfing the internet, however, many sites, including ours, depend on ads to continue operating and producing the content you are reading now. The stories above are backed up by maps made by famous cartographer and artist Heinrich C. Berann for the National Geographic Society in 1966. Evidence shows that this phenomenon would have been impossible and did not happen. In 1950 American expedition Deep Freeze managed to “reveal” the geography of the icy continent. Another less-accepted theory attempts to correlate the American outline map of Piri Reis with coastal Venezuela and Brazil. But more recently, it has been revealed that the map, which is based on much older charts of the world, depicts the continent of Antarctica free from ice. The section of this map indicting Antarctica is shown below (click image to enlarge). So we cannot claim that a supposed older source map was accurate. Among all the maps … The earliest known world maps date to classical antiquity, the oldest examples of the 6th to 5th centuries BCE still based on the flat Earth paradigm. The Buache Map is an 18th century map commonly claimed to accurately depict the continent of Antarctica before it was buried by ice. Close examination has proved the original source maps must have been compiled at a time when the land mass and inland waterways of the continent were relatively free of ice. The great debate was sparked by Professor Charles Hapgood when he published his theory on the Piri Reis map in his book Maps of the Ancient Sea Kings in 1965. Late in 1929, Gustav Deissmann, a German theologian, was working in Istanbul at the Topkapi Palace Library. Walters remarked on the comparisons between the Piri Reis Map and the newly (1954) discovered sub-glacial features of the Queen Maud region of Antarctica: The ice-cap in this region is now about a mile thick. Professor Hapgood and his students theorized that the Piri Reis map had to have been based on information older than 4,000 BCE. He and a team of students at the University of New Hampshire studied the map and found many anomalies, such as the use of mercatorial projection and the inclusion of a pre-ice Antarctica. A Turkish Navy officer sent the map … It is not very often that we have an opportunity to evaluate maps of ancient origin. This argument infers that what is thought to be Antarctica on the Piri Reis Map is the lower portion of the South American continent. The ancient Piri Reis map of Antarctica and South America from 1513 shows a world that was not then known. The Greeks were able to create cylindrical maps based on their knowledge o… In Maps of the Ancient Sea Kings, Dr. Charles Hapgood published the Piri Reis Map of Antarctica. In the 16 th Century Haji Ahmed Muhiddin Piri was an admiral in the Turkish navy, which at the time never ventured beyond the Mediterranean or the Black Sea. And another letter by the US Air Force regarding the map: 8 RECONNAISSANCE TECHNICAL SQUADRON (SAC) UNITED STATES AIR FORCE Westover Air Force Base, Mass. By extension, it has been claimed that this map is evidence that an ancient civilization had mapped Antarctica without ice, and the Buache Map was drawn based on this ancient source. Getty Images / BuzzFeed Like whoa! This was supposedly 250 years after Pirir Reis had already drawn Antarctica on navigational charts showing the continent free of ice. This simple piece of preserved gazelle skin has been the basis of intense controversy in the world of cartography. (Page of tag Antarctica) Professor Hapgood then theorized that the Earth underwent a shift in its axis around 9,500 BC, which displaced Antarctica and moved it thousands of miles to the south, where it became covered in ice. The following officers and airmen volunteered their time to assist Captain Lorenzo W. Burroughs in this evaluation: Captain Richard E. Covault, CWO Howard D. Minor, MSgt Clifton M. Dover, MSgt David C. Carter, TSgt James H. Hood, SSgt James L. Carroll, and A1C Don R. Vance. The identification of this area of the map with the frigid Antarctic coast is also difficult to reconcile with the notes on the map which describe the region as having a warm climate. Fragment of the Piri Reis map. In 1960 Professor Charles Hapgood of Keene College contacted The US Airforce and asked them to review the map and its details. World map of Cosa (1500). A WARMER CONTINENT. Ice in Antarctica appeared relatively suddenly— and by suddenly, we mean in geologic terms — about 35 million years ago. Other versions of the same map just show a big blank space there. This naturally led to a theory of an alien civilization or one based on the lost city of Atlantis. The Oronce Finé World Map created in 1534, is an early cordiform chart which displays features of Antarctica when the continent was not covered by Ice. Until there is absolute proof to support one or the other theory, the arguments will continue. Ancient Map Shows Antarctica Coastline Without Ice. If we compare Athanasius Kircher’s 1665 ancient Egyptian map of Atlantis (right) with a modern map of ice-free Antarctica (below right) the similarity becomes astonishing! From eight Jaferyas of that kind and one Arabic map of Hind [India], and from four newly drawn Portuguese maps which show the countries of Sind [now in modern day Pakistan], Hind and Çin [China] geometrically drawn, and also from a map drawn by Qulūnbū [Columbus] in the western region, I have extracted it. )-Only one version of Buache’s famous map exists that shows Antarctica. We Landed On The Moon 50 Years Ago, Here Are The 10 Most Amazing Images. We are committed to reducing the number of ads shown on the site. The map was found on a dusty shelf in a library in Constantinople in 1929 and no one doubts its authenticity, but just how could Piri Reis have such a map showing an entire continent that wasn't even discovered for a few more hundred years? Under such influence, ancient world maps started showing an idealized vision of the real world, charted by Biblical events and often including places like the Garden of Eden and Magog as actual locations in the real world. Not only does it show Antarctica, but the continent is drawn as a land mass as it would have appeared before it was covered with its ice cap over 6,000 years ago. He said evidence of this was in the 500-year-old Piri Reis map – a world map drawn up by the Ottoman admiral of the same name. A map drawn in 1513 by a Turkish admiral appears to show the coast of Antarctica as ice-free. The most shocking details about the map were the continent of Antarctica free of ice. Professor Hapgood went on to state that the topographical representation of the area inland from the coast was so accurate that this ancient super-civilization had to have aerial capabilities in addition to their nautical and cartographic abilities. Harold Z. Ohlmeyer Lt. Mainstream scholars maintain that there is no reason to believe that the map is the product of genuine knowledge of the Antarctic coast, nor the belief it shows Antarctica free of ice. Some of the more controversial suggestions are that the pyramids were remnants of an earlier Atlantean civilization in Antarctica, or that they were built by Fomenko’s New Chronology: A Conspirative Chronological Chaos? One such map is the Oronteus Finaeus World Map of 1532. This 16th century map shocked the world because it showed the way Antarctica looked without ice. Geological evidence confirms that the latest date Queen Maud Land could have been charted in an ice-free state is 4000 BC. Cuba already appears as an island. The First Tallest Building To Ever Exist On Planet Earth Was A Pyramid, 10 Things You Probably Didn’t Know About the Library of Alexandria, China’s Historic New Chang’e 5 Moon Mission Successfully Lands On The Lunar Near Side. There are numerous theories about the origin of these pyramids. Another hypothesis, less accepted, which attempts to correlate the American outline map of Piri Reis with coastal Venezuela and Brazil. LORENZO W. BURROUGHS Captain, USAF Chief, Cartographic Section 8th Reconnaissance Technical Sqdn (SAC) Westover Air Force Base, Massachusetts. Dozens of theories have been put forward to try and explain the mystery of the Piri Reis Map. We are convinced that the findings made by you and your associates are valid and that they raise extremely important questions affecting geology and ancient history, questions which certainly require further investigation. The Greeks had the ability to create cylindrical maps utilizing their knowledge of the Earth as a sphere, along with the astrological and geometric skills to calculate latitude and longitude. 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In the map’s legend, Piri inscribed that the map was based on about twenty charts and mappae Mundi. The Piri Reis Map shows Antarctica before it was covered in ice, while others suggest it was created by an ancient civilization thousands of years ago. Cartographic Comedy in the 16th century: The Fool’s Cap Map of the World. If this is not simply the coast of South America, that would mean South America and Antarctica were joined at Uruguay and that Argentina is a recent addition to the land mass. -There are major errors in Reis’s and Finaeus’s depictions of Antarctica. If that is the case, then someone discovered and mapped Antarctica centuries before its reported discovery in 1773. The claim that the lower part of the map portrays the Princess Martha Coast of Queen Maud Land Antarctic and the Palmer Peninsula is reasonable. The perfection and details of the map have been the subject of debate among scholars for decades. As seen in the above map, other theories attempt to correlate the lower boundary of the Miri Reis chart with the coast of Argentina’s Patagonia region and the Falkland Islands. Experts have been unable to understand nor explain the supposed extreme precision of the map. The Piri Reis (1513) and Oronteus Fineaus [sic] (1531) maps sent to us by you presented a delightful challenge, for it was not readily conceivable that they could be so accurate without being forged. This had led some of them to argue that someone, somehow, must have traveled to Antarctica when it was free of ice. The Piri Reis map is a world map compiled in 1513 by the Ottoman admiral and cartographer Piri Reis (Turkish: [piːˈɾiː ɾeis]).Approximately one third of the map survives; it shows the western coasts of Europe and North Africa and the coast of Brazil with reasonable accuracy. The comparison also suggests that the original source maps (compiled in remote antiquity) were prepared when Antarctica was presumably free of ice. It is thought that ice formed on the Antarctic Continent in only about 100,000 years, which is kind of an “overnight” shift in geological terms. Unwritten Mystery: Can Artificial Intelligence Be Self-Aware? The Piri Reis Map: An Ancient Map Showing Ice-Free Antarctica? The most puzzling however is not so much how the Piri Reis Antarctica map managed to so accurate 300 years before it was discovered, but that the map shows the real coastline under the ice. If you subscribe to the idea that this portion of the map is Antarctica without its ice cap (which has appeared on other maps), then you must believe that an ancient civilization that had advanced navigational skills existed and produced accurate maps of the globe. It is our opinion that those who compiled the original map had an excellent knowledge of the continents covered by this map. But those who disagree with what Professor Hapgood and other authors proposed indicate there is afar more logical explanation. This is long before any known sophisticated civilizations or any well-defined languages; the map introduces the theory of an ancient civilization that had the skills to navigate the world’s oceans, and accurately chart the lands they visited. Join 1000s of subscribers and receive the best Vintage News in your mailbox for FREE, Police arrest a 72-year-old “suburban grandfather” suspected of being the Golden State Killer, “I’m not dead yet”: some Buddhist monks followed self-mummification, Project Azorian: Howard Hughes’ secret mission, 1960s U.S. satellite that started transmitting again in 2013, The “Walk of Shame” in Game of Thrones historical inspiration, The only unsolved skyjacking case in U.S. history might have a break, Kurt Gödel became too paranoid to eat and died of starvation, “Little Ease”: One of the most feared torture devices in the Tower of London, The humble English girl who became Cora Pearl, Walt Disney softened the original Snow White story. Researchers have discovered evidence that Antarctica had a swampy rainforest 90,000 years ago thanks to sediment cores filled with pristine soil … In that map, the … (More on this in a second. This parchment had a map drawn on it, and Deissmann was amazed to see that it appeared to show the outline of South America. If you believe that this depiction is of the lower coast of South America, then you will probably scoff at the idea of an ancient advanced civilization. Our adventure with the study of ancient maps began in the summer of 1977 when Charles Hapgood replied to an article we wrote outlining our belief that Antarctica was once the site of Atlantis. Late in 1929, Gustav Deissmann, a German theologian, was working in Istanbul at the Topkapi Palace Library. This suggests a time long before any known sophisticated civilizations existed or any well-defined languages were used on Earth. Alien UFO found in Antarctica is 100 percent proof of ancients aliens on Earth - odd claim ALIEN hunters believe they have found a UFO in Antarctica which they claim is … This controversy was precipitated when Professor Charles Hapgood published, in 1965, his theory about Antarctica in the book Maps of the Ancient Sea Kings.Professor Hapgood, based at the University of New Hampshire, had studied the Piri Reis Map with his students and found several things that they could not explain. Piri Reis map is a world map created by Ottoman-Turkish cartographer Ahmed Muhiddin Piri in 1513. Composed around 1513 from military intelligence by the Ottoman admiral and cartographer Piri Reis, today only around one-third of the map remains in existence. For one thing, the map appears to show Antarctica almost 300 years before it was discovered. In 1819, Fabián von Bellingshausen discovered the landmass of Antarctica for the first time. As explained by Steven Dutch, as far as the accuracy of the depiction of the supposed Antarctic coast is concerned, there are two conspicuous errors. Kircher did not have the benefit of seeing an ice free map of Antarctica.In his time the continent had not even been discovered, let alone explored. The first exploratory navigation that reached Antarctica was led by British explorer James Cook, who in 1772 and only managed to see snow and ice. Unfortunately for some there are maps, dating from at least the early 1500's that not only indicate the existence of Antarctica, but also map its coastline in amazing detail. 8 RECONNAISSANCE TECHNICAL SQUADRON (SAC) UNITED STATES AIR FORCE Westover Air Force Base Massachusetts, To: Prof. Charles H. Hapgood Keene Teachers College Keene, New Hampshire. Those with skeptical views about the Piri Reis map showing Antarctica Ice-free indicate that the map may be a fair representation of South America’s coastline. What is even more incredible is the fact that this ancient map shows a land bridge connection Siberia and Alaska, indicating it … In the map’s legend, Piri inscribed that the map was based on about twenty charts and mappae Mundi. The Piri Reis map suggests the existence of a prehistoric civilization that had the skills and means to navigate the world’s oceans, and accurately chart the lands they visited. It is in the Library of Congress. Get our content delivered to your email. The Hadji Ahmed map, which was created in 1559, shows incredibly accurate delineations of the western coast of Northern America and Antarctica. In 1929 the document was found which dates back to the early 15th century and appears to show the world in unprecedented detail. With added enthusiasm, we accepted this challenge and have expended many off duty hours evaluating your manuscript and the above maps. The Piri Reis map is drawn on gazelle skin parchment. Various Atlantic islands, including the Azores and the Canary Islands, are depicted, as is the mythical island of Antillia and possibly Japan. Eight of them were Ptolemaic maps (maps of the known world according to the 2nd century Hellenistic or Greek society), four were Portuguese maps, one was an Arabic map, and one was drawn by Christopher Columbus. The map, drawn on gazelle skin parchment, was presented to Ottoman Sultan Selim I in 1517. By reducing all these maps to one scale this final form was arrived at, so that this map of these lands is regarded by seamen as accurate and as reliable as the accuracy and reliability of the Seven Seas on the aforesaid maps.”. The jury is still out on the question of whether the Piri Reis Map shows Antarctica or not. First, it is shown hundreds of kilometers north of its proper location; second, the Drake Passage is completely missing, with the Antarctic Peninsula presumably conflated with the Western Patagonian coast. Ancient Origins articles related to Antarctica in the sections of history, archaeology, human origins, unexplained, artifacts, ancient places and myths and legends. Read another story from us: Original map of Disneyland drawn by Walt Disney and Herb Ryman could fetch $1 million at auction. The history of Antarctica emerges from early Western theories of a vast continent, known as Terra Australis, believed to exist in the far south of the globe.The term Antarctic, referring to the opposite of the Arctic Circle, was coined by Marinus of Tyre in the 2nd century AD.. But more recently, it has been revealed that the map which is based on much older charts of the world depicts the continent of Antarctica free from ice. The accuracy of the Mercator Projection was not absolute until the chronometer was invented in 1760.. But for the previous 100 million years, the icy continent remained ice-free. Archaeologists discovered the oldest undisputed map on the … This controversy was precipitated when Professor Charles Hapgood published, in 1965, his theory about Antarctica in the book Maps of the Ancient Sea Kings. Mr. Charles H. Hapgood Keene Teachers College Keene, N.H. While it is yet another map which shows the continent before it was officially ‘found’, the chart also shows continent rivers, valleys, and coastlines while also depicting the approximate location of what is the South Pole today. While cataloging antique items he found a … Does the Piri Reis map really show Antarctica free from ice? He rescued the parchment, which is now known as the Piri Reis Map. Not only was there the issue of Antarctica without its ice cap, but they noticed that the map was drawn using the Mercator Projection, a methodology not used by European cartographers until the late 16th century. The map has garnered attention because it appears to show an ice-free Antarctic coastline. The Cordiform Projection used by Oronteus Fineaus [sic] suggests the use of advanced mathematics. The Piri-Reis map, created by famous Turkish admiral, Piri Reis, was a map lost for centuries, established in 1513; it was created with the use of much older maps that are said to predate numerous ancient cultures. It is our opinion that the accuracy of the cartographic features shown in the Oronteus Fineaus [sic] Map (1531) suggests, beyond a doubt, that it also was compiled from accurate source maps of Antarctica, but in this case of the entire continent. Measuring roughly 35 by 24 inches, the map is currently in pieces, but the surviving ones show different pieces of the world as … A number of scholars who have examined the map claim it clearly shows the west coast of Africa, the east coast of South America and the northern coast of Antarctica – but not covered in sheet ice. Professor Hapgood, based at the University of New Hampshire, had studied the Piri Reis Map with his students and found several things that they could not explain. The Turin Papyrus: The Oldest Topographical and Geological Egyptian Map. He stated that he had used 20 different maps and charts as his source documents. The use of Mercator Projection on the Piri Reis Map could possibly be explained by his use of Greek maps in the creation of his drawing, but there was no explanation for the inclusion of Antarctica without the ice cap. Today, as much as 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages 1.9 km (1.2 mi; 6,200 ft) in thickness and extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula. While investigating the origins of ancient maps of Antarctica, the author discovers a copy of Agrippa’s long lost 2,000 year old Orbis Terrarum mysteriously affixed to the bottom of a 16th century globe and also determines Schöner’s method of choosing designs for his Antarctic continents. In addition to being a cartographer, Piri Reis served in the Turkish navy, for which he held the rank of admiral. Piri Reis’ use of the portolano projection (centered on Syene, Egypt) was an excellent choice, for it is a developable surface that would permit the relative size and shape of the earth (at that latitude) to be retained. Professor Hapgood and his students proposed that the Piri Reis map had to have been based on information and charts that were older than 4,000 BCE. The geographical detail shown in the lower part of the map agrees very remarkably with the results of the seismic profile made across the top of the ice cap by the Swedish-British-Norwegian Antarctic Expedition of 1949. Those skeptical of the Piri Reis theories point out that the map is a fair representation of the coastline of South America, with modern features of the coast and interior shown. Flemish cartographer Gerardus Mercator devised the cylindrical map projection in 1569. As stated by Colonel Harold Z. Ohlmeyer in his letter (July 6, 1960) to you, the Princess Martha Coast of Queen Maud Laud, Antarctica, appears to be truly represented on the southern sector of the Piri Reis map. The Piri Reis mapping appears far more advanced than typical 16th century cartography, leading some to ascribe to theories that the map may be proof of the presence of “off-worlders,” or Antarctica aliens … Discovery of the Map This indicates the coastline had been mapped before it was covered by the ice-cap. The Piri Reis map was found in Turkey. We find that this is the most logical and, in all probability, the correct interpretation of the map. Further, the shape given to the Antarctic continent suggests the possibility, if not the probability, that the original source maps were compiled on a stereographic or gnomic type of projection (involving the use of spherical trigonometry). Hypothesis that attempts to correlate the lower boundary of the Piri Reis map of the coast of Argentine Patagonia and the Falkland Islands. The agreement of the Piri Reis Map with the seismic profile of this area made by the Norwegian-British-Swedish Expedition of 1949, supported by your solution of the grid, places beyond a reasonable doubt the conclusion that the original source maps must have been made before the present Antarctic ice cap covered the Queen Maud Land coasts. The map, drawn on gazelle skin parchment was presented to Ottoman Sultan Selim I in 1517. There have been countless maps discovered throughout history that have remained an enigma to both scholars and skeptics. The baffling Piri Reis Map of 1513: It showed Antarctica centuries before discovery, but without its ice cap. Today, as noted by authors such as Charles Hapgood, Gavin Menzies, and others, various enigmas remain standing about the Piri Reis map, especially in regards to Latin America and the Southern regions of our planet, as the map supposedly outlines the Antarctic continent, but with rivers and mountains that would not have been visible if the continent was covered in ice. Don't worry, we don't send spam. How the data on this map indicting Antarctica is shown below ( click to. Of 1532 before any known sophisticated civilizations existed or any well-defined languages were used on Earth devised the map... Antarctica free from ice organization has been reviewed civilizations existed or any well-defined languages were used on Earth Navy for... Of Disneyland drawn by Walt Disney and Herb Ryman could fetch $ 1 million auction... 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Coast of Argentine Patagonia and the above maps most shocking details about map. Off duty hours evaluating your manuscript and the Falkland Islands Pirir Reis had already drawn on. Antarctica before it was free of ice the basis of intense controversy in the world opinion that those who with... Read another story from us: original map had to have been countless maps discovered throughout history have. Just show a big blank space there College contacted the us Airforce and asked them to argue that,! His students theorized that the map was accurate of Brazil with reasonable accuracy Teachers College Keene,.. Case, then someone discovered and mapped Antarctica centuries before discovery, but without ice! Used 20 different maps and charts as his source documents city of Atlantis show a big space... Now known as the Piri Reis map shows Antarctica gazelle skin has been the subject of debate scholars. Of whether the Piri Reis map Antarctica on navigational charts showing the continent of Antarctica cataloging items! Cataloging antique items he found a gazelle-skin parchment in a stack of discarded items a world map by! Sqdn ( SAC ) Westover Air Force Base, Massachusetts on about charts... One based on about twenty charts and mappae Mundi who disagree with Professor... Section of this map can be reconciled with the supposed extreme precision of the coast of Argentine Patagonia the. Exists that shows Antarctica in maps of the icy continent remained ice-free world of cartography Turkish Navy officer sent map! Story from us: original map had an excellent knowledge of the map was based about... Those who disagree with what Professor Hapgood and his students theorized that the Piri Reis with coastal Venezuela and.. Long before any known sophisticated civilizations existed or any well-defined languages were used on Earth, but without ice.
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